What is difference between HTTPS , SSL and TLS ?

                  Are you looking for details about HTTPS protocol? Are you also interested in knowing the differences between HTTPS, SSL, and TLS? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will learn more about HTTPS, SSL, and TLS. Let's start.

A) Understand the speed of the data 

               The data sent over the internet is very fast. It is faster than traditional channels such as wires, optic fiber, air. It will not be an exaggeration if we say data send over the internet with speed of light. Even speed of data sent over the internet is fast, but it still has to go through multiple devices during its journey over the network and that is where criminals target data.

B) What is HTTPS?

                The internet consists of distributed client and server information systems. When we access any application using a computer or mobile or any other type of device, ( these devices act as the client ) we send the request to the server. The server can accept or reject the request. If the request is accepted then a connection is created over a specific protocol. In order to establish a communication set of rules which are implemented with the protocol.

                 HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol used on the worldwide web(www). This commonly used protocol defines 

                                   1. How data is formatted

                                   2. What type of data is to be transmitted 

                                   3. How the server should respond to the specific command 

                  However, HTTP is not secure as it does not have data encryption and authentication functionalities. In order to achieve security especially transmitting data over the network, Hypertext Transfer protocol secure (HTTPS) protocol can be used.

                                  Though HTTPS is a safer solution for the client and server models, this added security isn't automatic. In order to maintain security standards, we need to purchase SSL/TLS certificates from a trusted certificate authority.

C) What is SSL? 

                The SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer. The internet connections are maintained safely by SSL encryption and decryption method. These connections can be between client to client or client to server or server to server. As SSL is an older protocol, the updated TLS was released in 1999 and it is being commonly used nowadays.

D) What is TLS?

                 TLS stands for Transport Layer Security. TLS is a cryptographic protocol used for achieving better privacy, data integrity, and authentication compared to SSL. It supports stronger, secure cipher suites and algorithms.

                TLS is more commonly used in computer networks, web browsing, instant messaging, email etc. 

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How does TLS or SSL Decryption work ?

              Would you like to know how does TLS or SSL decryption work? Would you be also interested in knowing Symmetric and Asymmetric cryptography? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will explore decryption with TLS or SSL. Let's start.

A) What TLS or SSL? 

               As discussed in what is the difference between HTTPS, SSL, and TLS  ? article, TLS or SSL is a cryptographic protocol for achieving privacy, data integrity over the network.

B) How does TLS/SSL decryption work? 

               The TLS and SSL both use asymmetric cryptography. TLS /SSL provides reliable security with high performance.

                a) Symmetric Cryptography :

                     Symmetric cryptography uses a secret key to encrypt data. The generated secret key is shared with the sender and receiver. The secret key should be 128 bits in length in order to achieve security.

                 b) Asymmetric Cryptography :

                      Asymmetric cryptography uses private and public keys. The public and private keys are mathematically designed. It requires higher bandwidth. The key length should be a minimum of 1024 bits.

                c) Secure session key : 

                     The secure session key is generated by SSL /TLS by using asymmetric cryptography. The secure session key is used to decrypt and encrypt the data transmitted over the network. secure session the TLS handshake is achieved with the secure session key.

C) What TLS handshake? 

               The TLS handshake is a process to achieve communication between server and client to achieve the below Functionalities -

               1. Acknowledge one another 

               2. Verify each other's authenticity 

               3. Designate encryption algorithms 

               4. Agree on session keys. 

                

What are differences between multimerge and merge API in Informatica MDM

                Are you interested in knowing what is the use of multimerge and merge APIs? Are you also would like to know the difference between merge and multimerge API? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will learn about these APIs in detail.

A) What is Multimerge API? 

                 The Multimerge API is used to merge the list of records together. Multimerge is the generic form of merge API.

B) What is Merge API? 

                The merge API is used to merge two base object records that are identified as the same base object record.

C) What are the differences between Multimerge and Merge API? 

          1) Number of records to merge : 

              a) Merge API allows only two records to merge 

              b) Multimerge API allows more than two records to merge.

         2) Parameters to request : 

             a) Merge API accepts sourceRecord key and targetRecord key as parameters in the input

             b) Multimerge API accepts multiple record key lists as parameters in the request.

         3) Consolidated records : 

             a) Merge API allows records irrespective of the value of consolidation indicator 

             b) Multimerge API allows merging of unconsolidated records only i.e. consolidation indicator                   !=1

         4) Final value for consolidation indicator : 

            a) The final value for consolidation indicator after performing merge API operation is 1 i.e                           consolidated state  

            b) Multimerge API does not change consolidation indicator value for surviving records.

        5) Surviving Record : 

             a) The surviving record is specified in merge API with targetRecordkey as the parameter.

             b) For Multimerge API, the surviving record will be determined based on survivorship rules of the XREF that are participating in the merge process.

                 Learn more about Informatica MDM survivorship rules here 

   

What is Time Travel in Snowflake ?

                        Are you looking for details about Time Travel in Snowflake? Are you also interested in knowing what are tasks we can perform using Time travel feature? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will learn one of the powerful features is Snowflake.

A) What is Time Travel in Snowflake? 

                        The feature by which we can access historical data at any point within a specified period is called Time Travel in snowflake we can access data not only changed but deleted as well.

B) What are the tasks that can be performed using Time travel in Snowflake?

                      The tasks below can be effectively performed by using Time Travel Feature 

             1.  Backing up the data from key points in the past.

             2. Duplicating the data from key points in the past.

            3. Restoring tables, schemes, and databases if those are accidentally deleted.

C) What is Data Protection Lifecycle? 

                  In snowflake, there are three-phase of the data protection lifecycles. 

           1. Current Data Storage: on the current data set we can perform standard operations such as DML , DDL etc.

           2. Time Travel Retention: The normal retention period is 1 to 90 days. Here is the list of operations allowed with time travel.

          a) SELECT .... AT| BEFORE ...

          b) CLONE ... AT|BEFORE ...

          C) UNDROP...

          3. Fail safe: This is the last phase in Data Protection Lifecycle. This can only be performed by snowflake No user operations are allowed.

D) Data  Retention Period in snowflake 

                In snowflake, Data Retention Period is a key component for Time Travel. The Data retention period specifies the period or number of days we can preserve data. Snowflake Preserves the state of data before update /delete/drop. 

               For Snowflake Standard  Edition, the Data Retention period is one day.

              For Snowflake Enterprise  Edition, Data Retention Period between 0 to 90 days.

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What are new feature in Java -17 part 2

                Are you interested in knowing what are the new featured introduced in Java 17? Are you also interested in knowing what are the deprecated features in Java 17? If so, then reached the right place. This is the second part of the feature in java 17. You can access the first part of the features of Java 17 here.

A) Introduction 

              In the previous article, we explored the Java 17 features such as JEP 412: Memory API and Foreign Function, JEP 411: Deprecate the Security  Manager, JEP 414: Vector API, JEP 415: Deserialization Filters.

             In this article, we will focus on the features below in Java 17 

           1. JEP 409: Sealed classes 

           2. JEP 406: Pattern Matching for switch 

           3. JEP 403: Strongly Encapsulate JDK internals 

           4. JEP 398: Deprecate Applet API for removal 

B ) JEP 409: Sealed classes 

            A sealed class that restricts other classes may extend it. This also applies to interface as well i.e a sealed class can be an interface that restricts another interface may extend it. 

           With Java 17, new sealed, non-sealed character sequences are introduced and it allows them as contextual keywords.

C ) JEP 406: Pattern Matching for switch 

             With this change, all existing expressions and statements compile with identical semantics. It performs then without any modification.

              There are two new patterns are introduced 

          1. Guarded Pattern: It is used to refine the pattern matching logic using a boolean expression 

          2. Parenthesized Pattern: It is used to get rid of parsing ambiguities 

D ) JEP 403: Strongly Encapsulate JDK internals 

             All the internal elements of JPK are strongly encapsulated. Here only exception is sun.misc.unsafe.

E ) JEP 398: Deprecate Applet API for Removal 

              As we know Applet APIs were deprecated since Java 9 but these were never removed. With Java 17, these will be removed there not be much impact because these Applet APIs are no longer in use as we use more advanced web technologies for it.

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What are new Features in Java 17 - Part 1

               Are you looking for detailed information about all the interesting features introduced in JDK 17? Are you also would like various terminologies such as LTS or JEP? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will explore new features in JDK 17 release.

A) What is LTS in Java?

               LTS is an abbreviation for Long-term Support. It is a product life cycle management policy. With this policy, the software edition is supported longer than the software standard edition.

B) What is JEP in Java? 

               JEP is an abbreviation for JDK Enhancement Proposal. Oracle Corporation has drafted this process to collect proposals for enhancements to the Java Development kit i.e. JDK. 

C)  What are the new features in Java 17? 

                Java 17 is one of the major releases and comes with various interesting features. In this article we will explore the features below :

          1. JEP 411: Deprecate the security manager 

         2. JEP 412: Memory API and Foreign Function 

         3. JEP 414: Vector API

        4. JEP 415: Deserialization Filters

1 . JEP 411: Deprecate the security manager 

                  The security manager API which was used to define security policy for an Application is deprecated with JDK 17  release. The security manager is deprecated as this API is not commonly used. one of the basic features of a security manager is a blocking system:: exit. If applications continue to use the security manager then an alert message will be issued.

2. JEP 412: Memory API and Foreign function

                   With JEP 412 the new API is introduced and these are Foreign Memory Access API and the foreign linker API with these API'S we can invoke code outside of the JVM and also security access foreign memory Here, foreign memory means the memory which is not handled by JVM. 

3. JEP 414: Vector API 

                    These Vector APIs are part of JDK 16 are also enhanced in JDK 17 to express vector computations on supported CPU architecture at runtime. These are reliable for compilation and performance on AArch 64 and x64 architectures.

4. JEP 415: Deserialization Filters 

                    With a JVM-wide filter factory, we can allow applications to configure context-specific and dynamically selected deserialization filters. This will be helpful to prevent serialization attacks.

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How to monitor Errors in the Alert logs in Oracle Database?

                Are you looking for details about monitoring Errors in the Alert log?  Would you also like to know about ORA  errors such as ORA-7445 , ORA-1653 ,ORA-1650 etc? If so, then you reached the right place. In this article, we will understand monitoring Errors in the Alert logs.

A) What are Alert logs?

                The important information about error messages and exceptions which occurs during various operation database is captured in the log file called Alert logs.

                 Each Oracle database for windows instance has one alert log.

B) What is the location of Alert logs? 

                 We set the path for DIAGNOSTIC_DEST initialization parameter. At this path location, the alert log file is created. Normally, the alert file name is alert _SID.log

C) Database crash errors 

                  These errors are associated with an error that can be severe enough to crash an oracle instance. To analyze the oracle instance crash issue we need to capture a trace file or a core dump file and sent it to oracle technical support.

D) ORA - 600 Errors 

                  The ORA-600 will not crash the oracle database. However, it may produce a core dump or trace file - 

           Example of trace file -

                   Errors in file /ora/home/dba/oracle/product/rdbms/log ora_ 123.trc

                   ORA-00600= internal error code , arguments : [12700],[12345],[61],[ ],[ ]....

E) ORA-1578

                 If a data block is read that appears corrupt in such case ORA-1578 is returned. This error message provides details of the file and block number.

                  e.g. 

                ORA-D1578 ORACLE data block corrupted (file#xyz, block#01)

F) ORA-1650 

                It is an error message related to the rollback segment. The error message 'ORA-1650 cannot extend rollback segment ' is produced when the rollback segment has become full. The oracle instance will not crash but the task will be terminated.

                e.g.  ORA-1650 is unable to extend rollback segment PQR by 64000 in tablespace ROLLBACK.

             Based on the above critical error messages we can build the monitoring system. 

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